The aim of the study is to consider the role of intercultural communication and identify its specific features in the context of learning a foreign language by medical students. The research is specifically concerned with the ways of forming and developing the competence of intercultural communication of the students who major in medicine as integral part of their professional training. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that medical students are expected to have a high level of cultural awareness as representatives of helping professions. The paper makes an attempt to study and generalize the research of the national and foreign scientists and practitioners dealing with different aspects of intercultural communication, its cognitive, affective and strategic components. The criteria of cultural classification reflected in different theories have been analyzed. The connection between language and culture has been traced. The new concept of CQ (cultural intelligence) has been considered. Special attention has been paid to cross-cultural differences in learning styles and behaviour of representatives of various cultures in the classrooms. The role of emphatic communication has been revealed. Practical recommendations for medical students have been given and the effective teaching techniques have been offered.